ASTM A252 Standard: 16 Check Items

STANDARD: ASTM A-252-98

Standard Specification for Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe Piles

1. Scope

This specification covers nominal thickness of the wall steel pipe piles of cylindrical shape and applies to pipe piles in which the steel cylinder acts as a permanent load-carrying member, or as a shell to form cast-in-place concrete piles.

2. Materials and Manufacture

The piles shall be made by the seamless electric resistance welded, flash welded, or fusion welded process. The seams of welded pipe piles shall be longitudinal, helical-butt, or helical-lap.

NOTE 1—For welded pipe piles, the weld should not fail when the product is properly fabricated and installed and subjected to its intended end use.

3. Steel Fabrication Process

The steel shall be made by one or more of the following processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace.

4. Steel Chemical Composition and Analysis

The steel shall conform to the following requirements as to chemical composition: 

Phosphorus, maximum (%) : 0.050

5. Mechanical Properties

Steel Grade	Yield strength aRt0,5  psi(MPa) minimum	Tensile strength aRm psi (MPa) minimum	Elongation Af % minimum
			in 8 in. (203.2 mm), min, %	in 2 in. (50.8 mm), min, %
Grade 1	30000 (205)	50000 (345)	18	30
Grade 2	35000 (240)	60000 (415)	14	25
Grade 3	45000 (310)	66000 (455)	/	20

6. Weights Per Unit Length

  6.1. USC units

 W1=10.69(D-t)t

  Note:
  W = weight per unit length, lb/ft,
  D = specified outside diameter, in., and
  t = specified nominal wall thickness, in.

 6.2. SI units   

W2=t(D-t)xC

  Note:
  W = weight per unit length, kg/m
  D = specified outside diameter, expressed in millimetres (inches)
  t  = the specified wall thickness, expressed in millimetres (inches);

  C = 0,024 66 for calculations in SI units

7. Weight Tolerance

The weight of any length of pile shall not vary more than 15% over or 5% under the nominal thickness weight. Each length shall be weighed separately.

8. Outside Diameter

The outside diameter of steel pipe piles shall not vary more than ±1% from the diameter specified.

For example, diameter 12inch=323.9mm, then within the diameter tolerance, the diameter range is 320.661~327.139mm.

9. Wall Thickness

The minimum wall thickness at any point shall not be more than 12.5% under the nominal wall thickness specified.

For example, thickness is 9.53mm, then within the thickness tolerance, the thickness could varies within 8.34mm ~ 10.72mm.

10. Pipe Length

Single random lengths		16 to 25 ft (4.88 to 7.62 mm), incl
Double random lengths		over 25 ft (7.62 m) with a minimum average of 35 ft (10.67 m)
Uniform lengths		length as specified with a permissible variation of +/- 1 in

11. Straightness and Surface 

• The finished pipe piles shall be reasonably straight and shall not contain imperfections in such number or of such character as to render the pipe unsuitable for pipe piles.
• Surface imperfections having a depth not in excess of 25 % of the specified nominal wall thickness shall be acceptable. It shall be permissible to establish the depth of such imperfections by grinding or filing.
• Surface imperfections having a depth in excess of 25 % of the specified nominal wall thickness shall be considered to be defects. It shall be permissible for defects not deeper than 331⁄3 % of the specified nominal wall thickness to be repaired by welding, provided that the defect is completely removed prior to welding.

12. Pipe Ends

• Pipe piles shall be furnished with plain ends.
• Unless otherwise specified, pipe piles shall have either flame–cut or machine–cut ends, with the burrs at the ends removed. Where ends are specified to be beveled, they shall be beveled to an angle of 30 +5, −0°, measured from a line drawn perpendicular to the axis of the pipe pile.

13. Test Specimens and Test Methods

The tension test specimens and test methods shall be in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions ASTM A 370.

14. Inspection

All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works.

15. Mill Test Certification

The manufacturer shall furnish a certificate of compliance stating that the pipe pile was manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance with the requirements of this specification (including year date) and any requirements specified in the purchase order, and was found to meet such requirements, and shall furnish a test report containing the results of the applicable heat analyses, product analyses, and tension tests.

16. Pipe Marking

Each length of pipe pile shall be legibly marked by stenciling, stamping, or rolling to show: the name or brand of the manufacturer; the heat number; the process of manufacture (seamless, flash welded, fusion welded, or electric resistance welded), the type of helical seam (helical-lap or helical-butt), if applicable; the outside diameter, nominal wall thickness, length, and weight per unit length; the specification designation (year date not required); and the grade.

For example:
HYSP  API 5L GR.B HEAT NO.1988  HFW  508MM X 9.53MM X 12000MM    117.14KG/M  

MUST-KNOW: 15 Differences Between Pipes and Tubes

At the first sight, pipe and tube looks the same. There are many similarity for pipes and tubes: all made of metal, with same shape, and all hollow… But there are many difference between them. Let’s see the 

15 Difference Between Pipe and Tube

1. Pipe Diameter and Tube Diameter
Pipe diameter refers to a nominal diameter- not actual. Pipe Schedule refers to the pipe’s wall thickness (you can find the schedule chart and specification). The actual physical outside diameter is larger than it’s nominal OD.
The diameter of tubing on the other hand refer to the actual outside diameter. In other words, the actual physical OD of a tube is just the same as it’s nominal OD.
For example: The actual outside diameter of 1¼” pipe is 1.625″ – while 1¼″ tube has a true 1.25″ outside diameter.
Pipes accommodate larger applications with sizes that range from a half-inch to several feet. Tubes are generally used in applications that require smaller diameters. While 10-inch pipes are common, it’s rare that you will come across a 10-inch tube.

2. Wall Thickness Difference 

The wall thickness of pipes and tubes is an important factor to tell difference. The thickness of tubing is often specified by a gauge for thinner thicknesses and for thicker tubing it is indicated by fractions of an inch or millimeters. The normal range for tubing is 20 gauge, which measures .035 inch, up to a thickness of 2 inches. The wall thickness of a pipe is referred to as a pipe schedule, which you can find the relevant between pipe schedule and thickness in millimeter or inch in specification ASME B36.10. The most common schedules are SCH 20,SCH 40 and SCH 80. Schedule 40 is the most common and 80 is extra heavy. Which is needed to be noted, the pipe schedule is not set for all diameters; it varies.

For example:  

Diameter 8inch/219.1 pipe, pipe schedule is SCH 40 = wall thickness is 0.322inch/8.18mm, 

Diameter 12 inch /323.9 pipes, sch 40 refers wall thickness of 0.406inch/10.31mm.

There is no formula between the pipe schedule and wall thickness, the only is to refer to the ASME B36.10 or relevant standards.

3. Pipes Tolerance & Tube Tolerance
Pipes are usually used for transporting or distributing, then the properties of pressure or straightness, roundness are strictly specified, the tolerance for pipes is more loose than tubes comparatively. Here the tolerance refers to diameter tolerance, wall thickness tolerance, straightness tolerance, roundness tolerance etc.

4. Manufacturing Difference of pipes and tubes
As we mentioned above, tubes will require higher level requirements, consequently, even from the material producing to the pipe or tube manufacturing process will be different. Tubes will require much more process, tests, inspection than pipes. The delivery time will be longer, too. The yield of tubes are comparatively much lower than pipes. Pipe manufacturing is easier compare to tubes and it’s in mass production

5. Cost & Price
As per to the above, to manufacture tubes will take much more labor, energy, material etc, so the production cost is surely higher than pipes. And just because the high level requirement of tubes, the low yield of tubes will also increase the cost and price. While the process of pipes is easier. And pipes  are manufactured in large lot and cut the cost.

6. Use of Pipes and Tubes
Pipes are used for fluids and gases, such as water, oil, gas or propane or as steam pipe, boiler pipe etc. Just because of this, the outside & inside diameter is the key measurement — it indicates how much can flow through the pipe. Also that’s the reason why the pressure rating is so important, because the pressure must be under the transport or distribute pressure range. Tubes, however, are often put to use in applications that require precise outside diameters, like with medical tubes, weapon part, industrial parts, cooler tubes, heat exchanger tubes and boiler tubes. Tubes are usually used in medical area, construction, structure or load bearing etc. This is why the outside diameter is important because it indicates how much it can hold as a stability factor.

7. Material
Piping is usually made of carbon steel or low alloy steel. while tubing is often made of mild steel, aluminum, brass, copper, chrome or stainless steel etc. Different material also lead to different cost and price.

8. Mechanical Properties and Chemical Properties
For pipes the pressure rating, yield strength, ductibility properties are more important. However, for tubes, the hardness, tensile strength, high precision is the key to high quality. Those elements like C, Mn, S, P, Si are the main chemical elements for pipes, and there is few microelements requirements . While for tubing, the microelements are very important to the quality and process.  

9 Connection /Join Welding
Connecting pipes is more labor intensive as it requires welding, threading or flanges and relevant equipments. Tubes can be joined quickly and easily with flaring, brazing or couplings, but for this reason, they don’t offer the same stability. Pipe welding is safer than “tube join”.

10. Ductibility

Pipe is available in rigid “joints”, which come in various lengths depending on the material. Tubing, in particular copper, comes in rigid hard tempered “joints” or soft tempered (annealed) rolls. Some tubing also comes in rigid “joints” or flexible rolls. The temper of the copper, that is whether it is a rigid “joint” or flexible roll, does not affect the sizing. 

11. Packing
Pipes to delivered are in bundle or just bulk delivery. Because we just need to protect the pipes surface from serious damage and no need to protect from any light chafing. While tubes are usually wrapped with wooden box or thin film for each tube, especially for medical area tube.

12. Surface Finish

For outdoor field transporting or underground transporting, pipes need to be painted or coating to anti corrosion or oxidation. Tubes are sour cleaning or special polish treatment for particular field use.

13. Quantity

For long transport or distributing, piping is often used in mass quantity and for long distance application. So, the order of pipes are usually large. While tubes may be used in small quantity.

14. Pipe End and Tube End
Pipe ends are usually in plain or beveled so as to welding. while tubes are with coupling ends or specially end finish, like irregular ends, special screw thread etc.

15. Application
Pipes accommodate larger applications with sizes that range from a half-inch to several feet. Tubes are generally used in applications that require smaller diameters. While 10-inch pipes are common, it’s rare that you will come across a 10-inch tube.

Reference:

Difference between Pipes and Tubes

Differences Between Tubing & Pipe

Water pipe-WIKI

Pipes vs. Tubes – Is There a Difference?

Pipe Vs Tube

Original:http://www.hysteelpipe.com/steel-knowledge/15-difference-pipe-tube/

API 5L Steel Pipe Schedule 40

API 5L Line Pipe Black Steel Pipe Schedule 40

Size: OD NPS 1inch TO NPS 26inch, WT 6MM TO 25MM, ACCORDING TO ASME/ANSI B36.10M

Steel Pipe Schedule 40

Steel Pipe Schedule 40 shape: round

Application: Steel Pipe Schedule 40 are intended for mechanical and pressure applications, as well as ordinary uses in steam, water, gas and airlines.

Technique: hot rolled

Alloy or not: non-alloy

Steel Pipe Schedule 40 Standard: ASME SA53/ASTM A53  ASME SA106/ASTM A106

Grade: Gr.A/B, X42, X46, X52, X60, X65, X70

Delivery condition: Hot-finished or customized according to requirements

Length: customized according to requirements

Steel Pipe Schedule 40 Tolerance: according to API 5L, ASME SA53 A106/ASTM A53 A106

Certificate: EN 10204/3.1

Packaging Detail: In bundles tied with steel strips, plastic caps on both ends, according to customer's requirements

Delivery Detail: within 7-25 days

Pipe Schedule 40 A53 B ERW Steel

ASTM A53 B ERW Pipe Schedule 40

Pipe Schedule

We apply the Pipe Schedule 40 wall thickness tolerance and Pipe Schedule 40 weight tolerance of ASTM A53 ERW Steel Tube & Pipe welded wrought steel pipe for high or low temperatures and pressures as per ASME B36.10 standard.

Types and Grades of ASTM A53 Pipes

HYSP manufacture Pipe Schedule 40  A53 Steel Pipe & Tube as per Type E—Electric-resistance-welded, Grades A and B

Application of A53 Carbon Pipe Schedule 40

A53 Mild Steel Pipe schduele 40 ordered under this specification is intended for mechanical and pressure applications and is also acceptable for ordinary uses in steam, water, gas, and air lines.

Chemical Composition of A53 Welded Pipe Schdule 40

Mechanical Properties of ASTM A53 Black Steel Pipe Schedule 40

Hydrostatic Test for A53 Steel Tubes

The hydrostatic test shall be applied, without leakage through the weld seam or the pipe body.

The minimum hydrostatic test pressure required to satisfy the requirements specified in 8.2 need not exceed 2500 psi [17 200 kPa] for pipe NPS 3 [DN 80] or smaller, or 2800 psi [19 300 kPa] for pipe larger than NPS 3 [DN 80]; however, the manufacturer has the option of using higher test pressures. For all sizes of seamless pipe and electric-resistance-welded pipe, the hydrostatic test pressure shall be maintained for at least 5 s.

Nondestructive Electric Test for A53 Pipe Schedule 40

The weld seam of each length of electric-resistance welded pipe NPS 2 [DN 50] or larger shall be tested with a nondestructive electric test in accordance with Practices E 213, E 273, E 309.

ASTM A53 B Pipe Schedule 40

Bri-Chem Sells All Steel Pipe Division Assets

Bri-Chem Corp., a leading North American wholesale distributor and manufacturer of oil and gas drilling fluids, is pleased to announce that it has completed the sale of its Steel Pipe Manufacturing division and Steel Pipe Distribution division including their respective assets and ongoing business operations to a U.S.-based steel company. Bri-Chem will not retain any steel pipe assets or conduct any further steel pipe business operations going forward. The sale transaction provides Bri-Chem the opportunity to further its North American drilling fluids growth strategy by expanding its leadership position in existing markets and penetrating future growth into new drilling fluid market segments.

"Bri-Chem's USA drilling fluids expansion success has led to an overabundance of opportunities and this divestiture will position our company to deliver focused organic and acquisitive growth on a sustainable basis," said Don Caron, Chief Executive Officer of Bri-Chem. "We do not believe that the value of our North American leading wholesale drilling fluids market position is being adequately reflected in our stock price. By monetizing the steel pipe assets, we will be able to unleash the growth potential that resides within our market leading drilling fluids markets."

Bri-Chem Sells All Steel Pipe Division Assets

Source from http://www.hysteelpipe.com/bri-chem-sells-steel-pipe-division-assets/

EN10210 S355joh Mild Steel Pipe

EN10210 S355joh Mild Steel Pipe Specifications

Our company HYSP is a professional manufacturer specializing in producing ERW EN10210 S355joh Mild Steel Pipe. We can supply EN10210 S355joh Mild Steel Pipe with the standards of GB, ASTM A53, ASTM A252, API 5L. Besides, we also have perfect production lines and skilled engineers to manufacture these products.

These S355joh Mild Steel Pipe products are manufactured to meet the mechanical property requirements of all international S355joh Mild Steel Pipe standards and are suitable for welding and limited bending. 

The S355joh Mild Steel Pipe plant process a wide range of S355joh Mild Steel Pipe hollow sections to local and international specifications. Typical applications include agricultural, architectural, general engineering, mechanical handling and structural uses. Typical uses are agricultural implement frames, trailers, pallets and stock crates, sign gantries, service bridges, railings, columns and trusses.

EN10210 S355joh Mild Steel Pipe

Product name		EN10210 ERW  S355joh Mild Steel Pipe
	Out diameter	21-660mm
specification	thickness	4mm-25mm
	length	6-18m or others according to the client
Steel material		A53 Grade B, API 5L X42, X46, X52, X56,X60, X65, X70 etc
usage		used for gas, petroleum, water ,oil and other liquid transportation or construction
ends		plain or beveled(can be protected by plastic pipe cap)
surface		bared or paint with oil, bitumen,1-3 layer PE (outside or inside anti-corrosion treatment can supply)
Inspection		with hydraulic testing, eddy current , infrared or X-Ray test
		also with chemical and physical property inspect
technique		ERW welded pipe
type		welded
Welded line type		longitudinal welding
Section shape		round
package		in bulk, or other methods according to the client
Payment term		T/T or L/C
Delivery time		20-30 days after deposit or according to the quantity
Place of origin		Tianjin, China
Main market		Middle East,Africa, Southeast Asia, European and South America

EN10210 S355joh Mild Steel Pipe

Steel Pipe Manufacturing Process

Overview:

The manufacture of steel pipe dates from the early 1800’s. Initially, pipe was manufactured by hand – by heating, bending, lapping, and hammering the edges together. The first automated pipe manufacturing process was introduced in 1812 in England. Manufacturing processes have continually improved since that time. Some popular pipe manufacturing techniques are described below.

Lap Welding

The use of lap welding to manufacture pipe was introduced in the early 1920’s. Although the method is no longer employed, some pipe that was manufactured using the lap welding process is still in use today.

In the lap welding process, steel was heated in a furnace and then rolled into the shape of a cylinder. The edges of the steel plate were then “scarfed”. Scarfing involves overlaying the inner edge of the steel plate, and the tapered edge of the opposite side of the plate. The seam was then welded using a welding ball, and the heated pipe was passed between rollers which forced the seam together to create a bond.

The welds produced by lap welding are not as reliable as those created using more modern methods. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) has developed an equation for calculating the allowable operating pressure of pipe, based on the type of manufacturing process. This equation includes a variable known as a “joint factor”, which is based on the type of weld used to create the seam of the pipe. Seamless pipes have a joint factor of 1.0. Lap welded pipe has a joint factor of .6.

Electric Resistance Welded pipe manufacturing

Electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe is manufactured by cold-forming a sheet of steel into a cylindrical shape. Current is then passed between the two edges of the steel to heat the steel to a point at which the edges are forced together to form a bond without the use of welding filler material. Initially this manufacturing process used low frequency A.C. current to heat the edges. This low frequency process was used from the 1920’s until 1970. In 1970, the low frequency process was superseded by a high frequency ERW process which produced a higher quality weld.

Over time, the welds of low frequency ERW pipe was found to be susceptible to selective seam corrosion, hook cracks, and inadequate bonding of the seams, so low frequency ERW is no longer used to manufacture pipe. The high frequency process is still being used to manufacture pipe for use in new pipeline construction.

Electric Flash Welded pipe manufacturing

Electric flash welded pipe was manufactured beginning in 1927. Flash welding was accomplished by forming a steel sheet into a cylindrical shape. The edges were heated until semi-molten, then forced together until molten steel was forced out of the joint and formed a bead. Like low frequency ERW pipe, the seams of flash welded pipe are susceptible to corrosion and hook cracks, but to a lesser extent than ERW pipe. This type of pipe is also susceptible to failures due to hard spots in the plate steel. Because the majority of flash welded pipe was produced by a single manufacturer, it is believed these hard spots occurred due to accidental quenching of the steel during the manufacturing process used by that particular manufacturer. Flash welding is no longer used to pipe manufacturing.

Double Submerged Arc Welded (DSAW) pipe manufacturing

Similar to other pipe manufacturing processes, the manufacture of Double Submerged Arc Welded Pipe involves first forming steel plates into cylindrical shapes. The edges of the rolled plate are formed so that V-shaped grooves are formed on the interior and exterior surfaces at the location of the seam. The pipe seam is then welded by a single pass of an arc welder on the interior and exterior surfaces (hence double submerged). The welding arc is submerged under flux.

The advantage of this process is that welds penetrate 100% of the pipe wall and produce a very strong bond of the pipe material.

Seamless pipe manufacturing

Seamless pipe has been manufactured since the 1800’s. While the process has evolved, certain elements have remained the same. Seamless pipe is manufactured by piercing a hot round steel billet with a mandrel. The hollowed steel is than rolled and stretched to achieve the desired length and diameter. The main advantage of seamless pipe is the elimination of seam-related defects; however, the cost of pipe manufacturing is greater.

Early seamless pipe was susceptible to defects caused by impurities in the steel. As steel-making techniques improved, these defects were reduced, but they have not been totally eliminated. While it seems that seamless pipe would be preferable to formed, seam-welded pipe, the ability to improve characteristics desirable in pipe is limited. For this reason, seamless pipe is currently available in lower grades and wall thicknesses than welded pipe.

Conclusion

Continual advances in materials and welding techniques have resulted in dramatic improvements in the reliability of pipes. As mentioned, however, there is still pipe in use that is susceptible to corrosion and seam-related defects. These defects are identified through integrity assessments and are repaired when found.

pipe manufacturing today is subject to non-destructive tests such as ultrasonic testing and x-ray, as well as pressure-testing. Each individual section of pipe must be pressure-tested by the manufacturer, and new pipelines are also pressure-tested during the actual construction process.

steel pipe manufacturing techniques 

ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing

ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing, as the HYSP most popular product, is manufactured as per ASTM A53 B ERW standard which covers seamless and welded black and hot-dipped galvanized steel pipe in NPS 1⁄8 to NPS 26 [DN6 to DN 650].

Under this standard, there are many test needed to be done to ensure the quality of ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing.

ASTM A53 B ERW Product Analysis

The purchaser is permitted to perform an analysis of two ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing from each lot of 500 lengths, or fraction thereof. Samples for chemical analysis, except for spectrographic analysis, shall be taken in accordance with Practice E 1806. The ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1 as above.

Mechanical Properties

Tension Test

Bend Test

If ordered for close coiling, the ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing shall stand being bent cold through 180° around a cylindrical mandrel, the diameter of which is eight times the specified outside diameter of the ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing, without failure.

Flattening Test

The flattening test shall be made on welded pipe over NPS 2 [DN 50] in extra-strong weight or lighter.

Seamless Pipe:

Although testing is not required, ASTM A53 ERW Steel Tubing shall be capable of meeting the flattening test requirements of Supplementary Requirement S1, if tested.

Electric-Resistance-Welded Pipe:

A test specimen at least 4 in. [100 mm] in length shall be flattened cold between parallel plates in three steps, with the weld located either 0° or 90° from the line of direction of force as required by 7.3.3.2 or 7.3.3.3, whichever is applicable.

ASTM A53 B ERW PIPE

Hydrostatic Test

The hydrostatic test shall be applied, without leakage through the weld seam or the ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing body.

Plain-end ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing shall be hydrostatically tested to the applicable pressure given in Table X2.2, and threaded-andcoupledASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing shall be hydrostatically tested to the applicable pressure.

Nondestructive Electric Test

The weld seam of each length of electric-resistancewelded ASTM A53 ERW Steel Tubing NPS 2 [DN 50] or larger shall be tested with a nondestructive electric test in accordance with Practices E 213, E 273.

ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing Specification

Product Name	ASTM A53 B ERW Steel Tubing
Diameter	1inch – 26inch
Wall Thickness	SCH10,SCH20,SCH30,STD,SCH40, SCH 80 etc
Length	Random length from 3m to 18m
Pipe Standard	ASTM A53, A106, API 5L,ASTM A500, EN10219, EN10210 etc
Steel Grade	GR A, GR B, X42, X52, S275J0H, S275JRH, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355JRH,
Test	Hydro test, UT test, Flatten test, Impact test etc
Application	industrial pipes, structure steel tube, system pipe, piling tube,
Pipe Coating	Black painting, varnish paint, anti rust oil, or other coating required
Package	Plastic caps on both ends, Steel bundle, or acc. to customers’ request
Inspection	ISO9001, SGS,BV, GL  or other TPI appointed by customer
Capacity	10000 metric tons per month
Delivery time	30 days against deposit or LC at sight